开发环境配置

1. 安装 Requests
2. 使用requests发送HTTP GET 请求
3. 使用requests发送HTTP POST 请求
   1. POST data 发送表单编码数据
   2. POST json 发送json数据
   3. 上传文件 files
4. 定制请求头 headers
5. 设置cookies
6. 设置超时 timeout
7. 保持会话 Session
8. SSL 证书验证 verify
9. 身份验证 auth
10. response 钩子
11. 使用代理 proxies

Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.

官网： https://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/

安装 Requests

pip install requests

使用requests发送HTTP GET 请求

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get?name=Milton"
response = requests.request("GET", url)

或

import requests

url = "http://postman-echo.com/get"
payload={
    "name":"Milton"
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, params=payload)

使用requests发送HTTP POST 请求

POST data 发送表单编码数据

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/post"
payload={"name":"Milton"}
response = requests.request("POST", url,data=payload)

或

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/post"
payload='name=Milton'
headers = {
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)

POST json 发送json数据

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/post"
payload={"name":"Milton"}
response = requests.request("POST", url, json=payload)

上传文件 files

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/post"
files=[
  ('name',('index.jpg',open(r'C:/index.jpg','rb'),'image/jpeg'))
]
response = requests.request("POST", url, files=files)

定制请求头 headers

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get"
headers = {
  'my-sample-header': 'mheader',
  'Cookie': 'mid=123;cid=456'
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)

设置cookies

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get"
cookies = {
    'mid': '123',
    'cid': '456'
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, cookies=cookies)

设置超时 timeout

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get"
response = requests.request("GET", url, timeout=0.01)

保持会话 Session

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get"
s = requests.Session()
response = s.request("GET", url)

SSL 证书验证 verify

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/get"
response = requests.request("GET", url,verify=False)

身份验证 auth

import requests

url = "https://postman-echo.com/basic-auth"
headers = {
  'Authorization': 'Basic cG9zdG1hbjpwYXNzd29yZA=='
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)

或

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

auth = HTTPBasicAuth("postman","password")
url = "https://postman-echo.com/basic-auth"
response = requests.request("GET", url, auth=auth)

response 钩子

import requests

def print_url(r,*args,**kwargs):
    print("r:", r)
    print("url:",r.url)

url = "https://postman-echo.com/post"
payload={"name":"Milton"}
response = requests.request("POST", url,data=payload,hooks=dict(response=print_url))

使用代理 proxies

import requests

url = "http://postman-echo.com/get"
proxies={
    "http":"http://127.0.0.1:8888" # fiddler 代理
}
response = requests.request("GET", url,proxies=proxies)

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